Gita is the most celebrated spiritual text of Hinduism and Vedanta. Shankaracharya immortalized Gita with his commentary.Many of Buddha’s teachings were taken from Gita. The 26th chapter of Dhammapada is repetition of the characteristics of a “stitha-prajna” (wise man) described in the 2nd chapter of Gita. The concept of moderation discussed in the 17th verse of the 6th chapter of Gita was also adopted by Buddha.73rd verse: Arjuna says: “Now, I have listened to you carefully. I have overcome my doubts. I have regained my wisdom. I shall act according to your instructions.”Gita begins with Arjuna’s dilemma. It was taught to an ordinary man of action, because it has a realistic approach to life, interpreting spirituality as common sense. In essence, it says that when we face a crisis in life, we should not know that it is transient. We should also know that happiness and unhappiness are two sides of the same coin, and we have to transcend both to find peace and happiness.Arjuna thought of himself as a physical body. Once he learnt the spiritual truth of his own true nature and a common-sense approach to life in this world, his delusions were gone.Gita is not just a book of action. According to Shankaracharya, the central theme of Gita is not action alone but the importance of spiritual knowledge.There is an epilogue to Gita called Uttara Gita. There Arjuna asks Lord Krishna to explain his teachings again, as he forgot the teachings. At that point, Lord Krishna scolds him. The implication of this story in modern times is that when we listen to something, we may emotionally connect with it, but we may not be able to implement the spiritual wisdom. We have to struggle hard to translate our intellectual understanding to our emotional system.After the 73rd verse, the scene shifts in Gita. In the next several verses, Sanjaya, who was blessed with divine vision by Vyasa says: “I still recall again and again in my mind the dialog between Lord Krishna and Arjuna. It fills my heart with joy.”Sanjaya was able to listen, enjoy and recall this great dialog because his mind was ready for it. We do not remember what we are not interested in. Sanjaya was a spiritual seeker and had the right spiritual attitude.Gita ends with the 78th verse: “Wherever there is a blending of Yogeshwara (man of spiritual wisdom) and Dhanurdhara (man of action), there will be fortune, prosperity, victory, welfare, righteousness and justice.”
--------
59:12
171 – Fitness to Study Gita | Swami Tattwamayananda
63rd verse: “You have listened to the great spiritual truth and My instructions. Now, you do whatever you want. Act according to your own conviction and understanding.”There is no compulsion from the teacher, Lord Krishna. He encourages the student to use his own intellect and conviction. This is because everyone in the world is at a different level of spiritual evolution. The goal is to experience the truth, not blindly believe.Swami Vivekananda expounded in the parliament of religions that spiritual life is like climbing the top of a hill. Once we are at the top, we see many trails leading to the top. When we are on the trail, we may think that is the only path. Similarly, when someone is early in their spiritual life, at the level of belief and rituals, they think only their path is right.66th verse: “When you feel that all your efforts are in vain, you should very sincerely and mentally give the entire responsibility to God. Then you do not have to worry about anything.”There are two interpretations of this verse. Ramanuja interprets it as sincerely taking refuge in God and becoming a tool in God’s hands. Shankaracharya’s interpretation is that all problems have a solution at the spiritual level. Psychological problems can only have a permanent solution at a higher, spiritual level. Shankaracharya says that the real reason behind Arjuna’s delusion and inactivity is his wrong perception of his true nature – lack of atma-jnanam. Once Arjuna understood his true nature, his delusions vanished, as he states in the 73rd verse.67th verse: “I have taught you this spiritual truth. You should not teach this to a person who does not have the following qualities: (1) a sense of devotion, sanctity and sacredness (2) willing to practice it with spiritual humility, service and discipline (3) has great respect and appreciation for the teacher.”St. Matthew has a similar statement. The effectiveness of spiritual teachings depends on the readiness of the listener’s mind. A sense of sanctity and sacredness from the disciple towards the teacher and heritage (Parampara) is important.There is a story of Durvasa rishi and Indra. Indra came on an elephant and had a spiritual conversation with the sage. Pleased, the sage gave him a sacred flower garland. Indra was on the elephant and without paying attention, put the garland on the elephant’s neck, who dropped it and crushed it under his feet. Since Indra did not show respect towards the sacred garland, the sage cursed him.68th verse: “Those who teach this to people who are ready to listen and understand its true meaning with a sense of sanctity and sacredness, they will attain supreme liberation.”69th verse: “Anyone who tries to preach this spiritual truth, he is dear to Me and he will be spiritually elevated.”Teaching these spiritual truths itself is a spiritual practice and becomes a road for spiritual progress – even if it does not lead to spiritual growth of the listener.Our mind constantly accumulates ideas. Instead of getting toxic food, even mechanical listening to spiritual ideas has benefits. For complete effectiveness, the mind should be ready.
--------
1:07:32
170 – Taking Refuge in God | Swami Tattwamayananda
The 59th and 60th verses take us back to the original narrative of Gita, where Arjuna was facing conflicts as he did not want to do an unpleasant duty. Lord Krishna says: “If instead of practicing karma yoga, you think you can run away from your duty, that is your fantasy. Your own swabhava will compel you to do the duty.”Swabhava is our inherent nature that determines our outlook to life and our actions. It is shaped by tendencies that we gather over many life cycles.Each jiva is a solitary traveler. He meets his parents and relatives as travelers meet in a train and then separate at the end of each life.Bhagavata Purana has the story of a king who crowned his young son as the heir apparent. Unfortunately, the son died and everyone was in grief. Narada and some sages visit him to console him. brings the son back to life, but the son was not able to recognize his parents. He said that he had many parents over many life cycles. This helped the king understand the wisdom of the sages.The story of Jada Bharata explains that life is not just one chance. We are not tools in the hands of destiny. We have enough freedom to build our destiny. King Bharata retired to a hermitage for spiritual practices but developed strong attachment towards a baby deer and forgot his spiritual practices. He was born as a deer in his next life, but under the effect of his samskaras, he stayed near a hermitage. In his next life, he was born as a great saint - Jada Bharata - always established in his identity with Atman. He did not lose his spiritual wealth, but his realization was delayed.We are imprisoned by our samskaras. At the same time, we can use our mind, our five senses of perception and five senses of action to accumulate good samskaras and control our destiny.61st verse: “God is present as the divine spark in everything and everyone. Sitting within everyone as the in-dweller, he regulates and operates this world just like an engineer operates a machine.”Vedanta does not emphasize a creator God. Rather it emphasizes the idea of God as the divinity within. We can manifest this divinity through spiritual practices and by being a good human being. Buddha is a good example of this, as he did not believe in a creator God.When we do noble actions for the good of others or as an offering to God, with a sense of sanctity and sacredness, we become spiritually elevated and the divinity within us begins to manifest.Swami Vivekananda said: “Live life in such a way that Good will accept you even if you do not accept Him.” Swami Vivekananda also said: “Religion is the manifestation of divinity already in man.” Spirituality transcends religion but does not reject religion.62nd verse: “Take refuge in the ultimate divine reality for your own spiritual good.”63rd verse: “You have listened to the great spiritual truth and My instructions. Now, you do whatever you want. Act according to your own conviction and understanding.”There is no compulsion from the teacher, Lord Krishna. He encourages the student to use his own intellect and conviction.64th verse: “I have taught you this great spiritual truth because I consider you as My dear disciple.”65th verse: “If you try to follow this path and be a steadfast devotee, you will attain the highest spiritual enlightenment.”66th verse: “When you feel that all your efforts are in vain, you should very sincerely and mentally give the entire responsibility to God. Then you do not have to worry about anything.”This verse describes the concept of Prapati or Sharanagati. According to Ramanuja, Prapati is the highest state of a devotee of God. Prapati means complete surrender and is composed of the following characteristics. (1) Always having a positive outlook in life, full of sattvic qualities such as serenity, wisdom, compassion, and broad mindedness. (2) Rejecting all the opposing qualities such as skepticism and self-doubt. (3) Strong faith that God will protect me. (4) Strong faith that God is the only protector. (5) A feeling of total helplessness and dependence on God (6) Total self-surrender (atmanikshepa). When the first five characteristics are fulfilled, atmanikshepa is the result. He then becomes an instrument in the hands of God and God operates through him.When we link ourselves to a higher ideal, we can develop the ability to remain unaffected from the outcome of our actions. For example, if we did something good to others but they are still ungrateful, we will not be affected.
--------
1:02:03
169 – Buddhi Yoga: Art of Working Intelligently | Swami Tattwamayananda
Title: Buddhi Yoga: Art of Working Intelligently18th Chapter: verses 57, 58, 59, 60, 6157th verse: “Mentally offer all actions to Me. Buddhi Yoga is the tool with which you should live and work in this world.”Buddhi Yoga refers to purified intellect. It is the higher faculty of the human mind that enables us to perform our actions without obsessive attachment to the outcome. Our actions sometimes yield favorable results and sometimes unfavorable results. When the mind reacts to unfavorable results, we become anxious. Buddhi Yoga enables us to remain calm even if results are not favorable.The 1st and 2nd verses of the 4th chapter refer to Rajarshi. Rajarshi is a person who has the dual qualities of a king (Rajatvam) and a saint (Rishitvam). As a king, he has great prosperity, dynamism and efficiency. As a saint, he has a calm attitude, can see far into things, and understands the limitations and impermanence of his wealth and powers. Buddhi Yoga means working with the refined intelligence of a Rajarshi.From an advaitic sense, Buddhi Yoga means living and working in this world with the understanding of the transient nature of the empirical world.The 25th verse of the 3rd chapter contrasts two types of people. (1) Those who work hard with motive and are ignorant of the higher philosophy of Karma-Yoga. For them, every small problem becomes a big headache (2) Those who work equally hard, but who are grounded in Karma-Yoga, and see their work as Swadharma. They are not worried and are called Vidwan.58th verse: “Anyone who practices karma yoga or buddhi yoga can cross the barrier of samsara (transmigratory cycle).”The 59th and 60th verses take us back to the original narrative of Gita, where Arjuna was facing conflicts as he did not want to do an unpleasant duty. Lord Krishna says: “If instead of practicing karma yoga, you think you can run away from your duty, that is your fantasy. Your own swabhava will compel you to do the duty.”Swabhava is our inherent nature that determines our outlook to life and our actions. Every action leaves a residual effect (vritti) in our mental system. Many identical vrittis – from similar, repeated actions – solidify a distinct memory block called Samskara. Samskaras express through our determination to act in a certain manner, called Sankalpa. Sankalpa leads to further actions. This wheel continues, and it shapes our Swabhava.We can change our swabhava by consciously doing good actions and increasing the storehouse of positive samskaras.In the 61st verse, Lord Krishna puts forward a new idea. He compared God to an engineer and says: “He is running this huge machinery of creation. He is present in everyone as one immanent reality. He regulates and activates every being just like an engineer regulates and activates a machine.”God is omnipresent through immanence. Creator is present in creation. Neither is outside of the other.Spiritually, the entire existence is one. one who is truly spiritual cannot hurt any being. There is no otherness for him.Happiness is only the temporary absence of unhappiness. When we reach a state of mind, where we have santosha (contentment), we stop looking for happiness. We go beyond the happiness and unhappiness equation. That is true happiness.
--------
59:33
168 – Universal Approach of Gita | Swami Tattwamayananda
Title: Universal Approach of Gita18th Chapter: verses 56, 57, 58, 59Gita offers four paths for spiritual realization: Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga and Dhyana Yoga.56th verse: “Surrender all your actions and results to Me. Then My grace will take you to the highest spiritual destination.”57th verse: “Mentally offer all actions to Me. Your life will be spiritualized through this philosophy of dedication and internal detachment.”58th verse: “If your fix your mind on Me, you will overcome difficulties through My grace.”Gita encourages us to live life in such a way that we become good human beings. Everything we do should become a path of worship and leads to highest enlightenment.Mahatma Gandhi was inspired by Gita. He said: “Gita has become an infallible guide of my conduct. It has become the dictionary of my daily reference, the dictionary of my conduct. It has the ready solution for all my troubles and trials.”The 57th verse refers to Buddhi Yoga. It is the wisdom and spiritual common sense with which we live in the world. We keep in mind that everything in the world is impermanent – money, power, health are all impermanent. Buddhi Yoga is also mentioned in the 39th verse of the 2nd chapter ofGita – it says that we should do all our actions with a degree of detachment.Buddhi Yoga helps us conserve energy. Our energy gets dissipated when we get anxious and worried due to obsessive attachment to results.These two verses have references to both karma yoga and bhakti yoga. Bhakti is spontaneous, natural flow of love towards God. The 26th verse of the 9th chapter says: “If you offer with bhakti (devotion) even a leaf or flower or fruit or water – I accept it as the devout gift of the pure hearted devotee.”Bhakti and purity of heart is what is important – it is what compels the Lord to accept the offering. A big ritual is in no way superior to a leaf offered with a pure heart. What we are offering is not a leaf or flower – we are offering ourselves and our own heart, which is what the Lord cares about.Bhagavata Purana and Gita both define the highest devotee of God. Bhagavata Purana defines it as: “The one who sees the presence of God in all beings, and who sees the presence of all beings in God.“ Gita defines the highest devotee as one whose “every thought becomes a meditation, every word becomes a mantra, every action becomes an act of worship, every travel becomes a pilgrimage, every movement becomes a circumambulation around the deity, whose whole life becomes spiritualized and an offering to God.”When we can do all our secular activities in a spiritual manner, our karmic blocks are dismantled. A beginner’s mind may not cooperate when he starts spiritual practices. This is due to accumulated samskaras which make him act in a certain manner. He may want to read a spiritual book, but the mind presents stumbling blocks – it is accustomed to things that are not conducive to spiritual life. Such a mind should be given healthy food first, such as reading good books, listening to higher ideas and holy association.How can we judge whether our mind is healthy? The answer is in an ancient ayurvedic verse from Sushruta Samhita: “sama dosha sama agnischa sama dhatu mala kriyaaha| Prasanna atma indriya manaha swastha iti abhidheeyate”. It says that the mind is healthy when it is contented, enjoys inner serenity. This happens when we do start doing our actions endowed with Buddhi Yoga.Spirituality goes beyond religion. One who is truly spiritual (1) feels inner contentment, and (2) interacts with others in a positive manner. He feels inner serenity and at the same time is a blessing for others.Gita takes a universal approach towards spirituality. It is not confined to the walls of a place of worship. A spiritual person treats the entire creation as one spiritual family, not limited to human beings. He does not violate the existing harmony of nature. He is not afraid of anyone nor is anyone afraid of him.Gita is a dialog between Lord Krishna and Arjuna in a battlefield. The battlefield is the human mind. Arjuna wanted to shy away from a duty that was unpleasant to him. So, Lord Krishna tells him in the 59th verse: “Everyone should perform their duty with dedication and without attachment top results. If you think that running away from duty will solve your problems, you are mistaken. Your own nature will compel you to do your duty (fight).”Action is inescapable. How we face our action is what matters. No one can remain mentally inactive even for a split moment. The attitude with which we perform our actions determines whether the action is secular or spiritual.
Italia