The Rational Reminder Podcast

• Episode 347 - The Case for Index Funds

  Are index funds the best investment strategy for most investors? In this episode of Rational Reminder, Benjamin Felix, Dan Bortolotti, and Mark McGrath explore why low-cost index funds should be the primary investment strategy for most people. They explain how index funds evolved from a niche concept to a widely accepted strategy and outline their six key benefits. Learn about the fees associated with index funds, why index funds outperform most actively managed funds, and how to avoid the risks of picking individual stocks. They also explore academic research on long-term mutual fund performance, the persistence (or lack thereof) in active management, and the dangers of alternative indexing schemes. Discover how behaviour impacts investment decisions and why a globally diversified portfolio is crucial. Finally, in the aftershow, Ben shares an update regarding his health and listener feedback from the Rational Reminder community. Join the conversation and uncover why index funds are the best investment strategy and how to leverage them effectively to maximize your portfolio for long-term gains. Tune in now!   Key Points From This Episode:   (0:01:58) Outline of today's topic and why index funds should be everyone's main investment strategy. (0:05:10) Index fund fundamentals, market cap weighting, and why not all ETFs are index funds.  (0:10:03) Learn about the transition of index funds into mainstream finance and their low-fee advantages. (0:13:30) Linking fees to index performance and why lower fees gives them an advantage over managed funds. (0:19:50) The general awareness about index funds and what impact the lack of diversification has on actively managed funds. (0:26:35) Explore critical research comparing the returns on investment between index funds and actively managed funds. (0:33:32) Unpack why the size of the active management industry matters and common misconceptions surrounding the long-term returns of mutual funds. (0:42:26) Discover why some fund managers do well and how sector-specific performance influences stock returns. (0:48:28) Unpack why average returns are better than beating the market and what makes index funds tax efficient.  (0:51:08) Find out what makes index funds easy to use and how this results in higher returns in the long term.  (0:55:25) How index funds are consistent with foundational finance theory and why thematic ETFs and sector-specific index funds should be avoided. (1:05:40) The aftershow: Ben shares a personal health update, Rational Reminder news, and a request for listener AMA questions.   Links From Today’s Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — [email protected] Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Mark McGrath on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/markmcgrathcfp/ Mark McGrath on X — https://x.com/MarkMcGrathCFP Dan Bortolotti — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Dan Bortolotti on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/dan-bortolotti-8a482310/ Canadian Couch Potato Blog — https://canadiancouchpotato.com/ Canadian Couch Potato Podcast — https://canadiancouchpotato.com/podcast/ Episode 54: Dr. David Blitzer — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/54 Episode 124: Prof. Lubos Pastor — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/124 Episode 133: Adriana Robertson — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/133 Episode 220: Jonathan Berk and Jules van Binsbergen — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/220 Episode 244: Charles D. Ellis — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/244 Episode 268: Itzhak Ben-David — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/268 Episode 302: Michael Green — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/302 Episode 346: Hendrik Bessembinder — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/346 Coffeezilla — https://www.youtube.com/@Coffeezilla Coffeezilla: Investing for Idiots — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoGm61I52YQ YCharts — https://ycharts.com/   Papers From Today’s Episode:    'The Arithmetic of Active Management' — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2469/faj.v47.n1.7 'Sharpening Sharpe’s Arithmetic' — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2469/faj.v74.n1.4 'Mutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets' — https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/424739 'Why Indexing Works' — https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asmb.2271 'Long-Term Shareholder Returns: Evidence from 64,000 Global Stocks' — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0015198X.2023.2188870 'The Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period 1945-1964' — https://www.jstor.org/stable/2325404 'On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance' — https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x 'Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk' — https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x 'Passive in name only: Delegated management and index investing' — https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/yjor36&div=20&id=&page=

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• Episode 346 - Hendrik Bessembinder: Why It's So Hard to Beat the Market

  Did you know that just a handful of stocks drive nearly all of the stock market’s long-term gains? In this episode, we sit down with Hendrik Bessembinder to discuss his groundbreaking research on why most stocks fail to outperform Treasury bills and how a small fraction of stocks generate the most long-term market returns. Hendrik is a Professor in the Department of Finance at Arizona State University whose research focuses on market design, trading, and long-term investment performance across stock, foreign exchange, fixed income, futures, and energy markets. In addition to his academic contributions, Professor Bessembinder has over 25 years of consulting experience, advising major firms, financial markets, and government agencies. In our conversation, we delve into the findings of his research and find out how a small fraction of stocks generate the majority of long-term returns. We explore why traditional investment strategies often overlook the impact of skewness, the impacts of broad diversification and passive investing, and why active fund managers struggle to beat the market. Discover why chasing past returns can lead to costly mistakes, his latest research on 'sustainable returns', what type of industries have the highest stock returns, common investing mistakes, and more. Join us to uncover the surprising realities of stock market returns and how you can build a portfolio that stands the test of time with Professor Hendrik Bessembinder. Key Points From This Episode:   (0:03:54) Explore Hendrik’s research on long-term stock returns and how most returns come from a small group of stocks. (0:08:30) Learn how company size interacts with the skewness in stock returns and what it means for individual investors. (0:11:39) Considering fundamentals in stock returns and the implications of skewness for measuring portfolio performance. (0:15:42) Unpack how he used bootstrap simulations in his paper and the performance of stock returns versus Treasury bills. (0:19:01) Find out the proportion of US firms responsible for dollar wealth creation and why diversification is essential for long-term stock returns. (0:25:23) Navigating volatility in the market and why it is difficult to identify skilled managers in time to leverage the market. (0:28:00) Compare the performance of US stocks versus global stocks and what is driving their performance. (0:32:04) What the findings of his research means for financial planners and individual investors.  (0:35:35) Uncover which US firms generated the highest returns and what type of industries these companies are in. (0:42:07) Hear about the long-term performance of US mutual funds and how investor behaviour contributes to it. (0:49:54) How passive investing and index funds have reduced the contributions of actively managed mutual funds and the lessons for investors. (0:55:48) Discover Professor Bessembinder's broader research interests and his definition of success.   Links From Today’s Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — [email protected] Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Mark McGrath on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/markmcgrathcfp/ Mark McGrath on X — https://x.com/MarkMcGrathCFP Professor Hendrik Bessembinder — https://search.asu.edu/profile/2717225 Arizona State University — https://www.asu.edu/ KRIS — https://www.kris-online.com/ Professor Hendrik Bessembinder papers on SSRN — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=667 SPIVA — https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/research-insights/spiva/ Episode 322: Professor Marco Sammon — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/322 Episode 124: Professor Lubos Pastor — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/124   Papers From Today’s Episode:    'Do Stocks Outperform Treasury Bills?' — https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X18301521 'Extending Portfolio Theory to Compound Returns' — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3875870 'Luck versus Skill in the Cross-Section of Mutual Fund Returns' — https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01598.x 'Measuring Skill in the Mutual Fund Industry' — https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X15000628 'Long-Term Shareholder Returns: Evidence from 64,000 Global Stocks' — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0015198X.2023.2188870 'Which U.S. Stocks Generated the Highest Long-Term Returns?' — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4897069 'How Should Investors’ Long-Term Returns Be Measured?' — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0015198X.2024.2401765

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• Episode 345 - AMA #3

  As we continue to answer your questions from our most recent AMA, Ben, Mark, and Dan begin today’s episode with Bitcoin and how its value as an investment has changed over the years. Then, after briefly explaining how to find short clips of this podcast online, we discuss why many companies choose not to list directly on the TXS, how to implement factor investing without factor EFTS, the best way to invest if you could only make one EFT investment in your lifetime, and, and understanding buffered EFTs and market-linked GICs. We also cover expected returns in a corrupt market, return stacking for individuals, academia versus real-world applications, and why stock valuations will never be the same as they were in the past. To end, we look at lump sum investing versus dollar-cost averaging, what to remember regarding asset allocation, how we rebalance portfolios here at PWL Capital, and we wish Ben well as he awaits his diagnosis. Key Points From This Episode: (0:03:30) Unpacking the value of Bitcoin as an investment; past, present, and future.  (0:09:58) Why we don’t use YouTube Shorts anymore and how to find our bite-sized clips.  (0:10:29) Understanding why many companies refrain from directly listing on the TXS.  (0:11:29) An interlude on how we take care of our bodies.  (0:14:22) Implementing factor investing without factor ETFs, and Manulife’s multifactor ETFs. (0:19:21) What we would do if we could only invest in one ETF until retirement. (0:22:23) Buffered EFTs and market-linked GICs.   (0:26:15) Market efficiency and expected returns in a low transparency/high corruption market.   (0:29:50) Whether return stacking is a good idea for individuals, and unpacking leverage.  (0:40:44) Balancing proven business philosophies with academic thinking.  (0:47:39) The Shiller PE Ratio; why stock valuations are permanently higher than in the past.   (0:54:58) Lump sum investing versus dollar-cost averaging.  (1:00:09) Asset allocation and how to know which assets to sell first.  (1:04:57) How PWL Capital rebalances client portfolios – an operational perspective.  (1:10:42) The after show: Testicular cancer and heartwarming reviews.    Links From Today’s Episode: Meet with PWL Capital — https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — [email protected] Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Cameron Passmore — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Cameron on X — https://x.com/CameronPassmore Cameron on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronpassmore/ Mark McGrath on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/markmcgrathcfp/ Mark McGrath on X — https://x.com/MarkMcGrathCFP  Dan Bortolotti on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/dan-bortolotti-8a482310/   ‘Episode 80: A Planning Checklist, Portfolio Concentration, and Leverage’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/80  ‘Episode 343: How to Choose an Asset Allocation’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/343 ‘Episode 234: Prof. Robert C. Merton: ICAPM, Retirement, and Models in Finance’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/234   ‘Episode 335: What About Warren Buffett?’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/335  ‘Episode 202: Antti Ilmanen: The Building Blocks of Long-Run Returns’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/202   ‘Episode 262: Prof. Francisco Gomes: Consumption and Portfolio Choice over the Life Cycle’ — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/262   ‘Dan Bortolotti: Index Investing, ETFs and Financial Planning’ — https://thewealthybarber.com/podcast/dan-bortolotti-index-investing-etfs-and-financial-planning-twb-podcast-9/   Manulife Investment Management — https://www.manulifeim.com/retail/ca/en  Dimensional Fund Advisors — https://www.dimensional.com/hk-en/financial-professionals  Scott Cederburg on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-cederburg-0917b0121/  Corey Hoffstein on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/coreyhoffstein/   We Study Billionaires — https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/we-study-billionaires/   Hendrik Bessembinder | ASU Search — https://search.asu.edu/profile/2717225  Shiller PE Ratio — https://www.multpl.com/shiller-pe  ‘What if You Only Invested at Market Peaks?’ — https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2014/02/worlds-worst-market-timer/   Books From Today’s Episode:  The Only Guide You'll Ever Need for the Right Financial Plan — https://www.amazon.com/Only-Guide-Youll-Right-Financial/dp/1576603660    Papers From Today’s Episode:  ‘Beyond the Status Quo: A Critical Assessment of Lifecycle Investment Advice’ — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4590406  ‘Why Not 100% Equities’ — https://ibs-masters.narod.ru/olderfiles/1/asness_100equities.pdf   ‘A Conversation with Benjamin Graham’ — https://www.jstor.org/stable/4477960  ‘Forecasting Stock Returns: What signals matter, and what do they say now?’ — https://fairwaywealth.com/wp-content/uploads/Vanguard-Research-11-30-2014.pdf  ‘Dollar Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum Investing’ — https://pwlcapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dollar-Cost-Averaging-vs-Lump-Sum-Investing.pdf

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  1:14:09
• Episode 344 - Michael Mauboussin: The One Job of an Equity Investor

  What if the key to successful investing is about understanding how market expectations, intangible assets, and even your own biases shape the outcome? In this episode, Cameron sits down with Michael Mauboussin, a renowned expert in investment strategies and behavioural finance, to explore how the evolving dynamics of investing influence valuation, investor decision-making, and market efficiency. Michael is the head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global, part of Morgan Stanley Investment Management, and an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, where he teaches courses on investing and decision-making. His work focuses on behavioural biases, skill versus luck, complex adaptive systems, and valuation. In our conversation, we discuss the core principles of equity investing, unpack the evolution of intangible assets, and explore how market dynamics are influenced by index funds. You’ll learn about capital allocation strategies, the shifting landscape of private equity, accounting challenges with intangibles, and how traditional investment frameworks are being redefined. Michael also provides insight into the "free dividend" fallacy, the importance of understanding the basic unit of analysis, the paradox of skill in active management, and more. Join us to learn about market and investing fundamentals to improve your strategy with Michael Mauboussin. Tune in now!   Key Points From This Episode:   (0:03:08) What the primary job of an equity investor is and the origin of stock returns. (0:05:37) Why dividends are less critical to total shareholder return unless fully reinvested. (0:08:43) Dissect the behaviour of investors in dividend stocks and the "free dividend fallacy." (0:10:01) Value versus growth classifications and how intangible assets impact valuations. (0:16:39) Learn about the potential advantages for companies investing in intangible assets. (0:20:20) How to determine a company's position in the competitive advantage life cycle. (0:24:42) The phase that offers the highest returns and what to consider about newer industries. (0:26:18) Explore the tradeoffs of intangible-intensive companies and the impact on base rates. (0:29:22) Pitfalls of valuation multiples and the implications for systematic value investors. (0:32:25) Relevance of market metrics and how index funds have affected alpha opportunities. (0:38:14) Effects of rising indexed assets and what to consider about market concentration. (0:45:01) Discover the historical link between market concentration and future returns.  (0:46:31) How active managers benefit markets and misconceptions about skilled managers.  (0:48:46) The value of active managers and advice for structuring investment portfolios. (0:52:44) Unpack the shift from public to private equities and why it happened.  (0:55:40) Insights into the benefits of private over public equities for investors.  (0:58:00) Ways intangible assets influenced the rise of private equity.  (0:59:27) What the market says about future returns and using public equity for diversification.   Links From Today’s Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — [email protected] Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Cameron Passmore — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Cameron on X — https://x.com/CameronPassmore Cameron on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronpassmore/ Michael Mauboussin — https://www.michaelmauboussin.com/ Michael Mauboussin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-mauboussin-12519b2/ Michael Mauboussin on X — https://x.com/mjmauboussin Columbia Business School — https://business.columbia.edu/ Morgan Stanley | Counterpoint Global — https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-us/individual-investor/about-us/investment-teams/active-fundamental-equity/counterpoint-global-team.html The Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing — https://business.columbia.edu/heilbrunn Episode 332: Randolph Cohen and Michael Green — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/332   Books From Today’s Episode:   The Success Equation — https://www.amazon.com/Success-Equation-Untangling-Business-Investing/dp/1422184234 More Than You Know — https://www.amazon.com/More-Than-You-Know-Unconventional/dp/0231143729 Expectations Investing — https://www.amazon.com/Expectations-Investing-Reading-Prices-Returns/dp/159139127X Think Twice — https://www.amazon.com/Think-Twice-Harnessing-Power-Counterintuition/dp/1422187381 Creating Shareholder Value — https://www.amazon.com/Creating-Shareholder-Value-Managers-Investors/dp/0684844109 Capitalism Without Capital — https://www.amazon.com/Capitalism-without-Capital-Intangible-Economy/dp/0691175039 The New Goliaths — https://www.amazon.com/New-Goliaths-Corporations-Industries-Innovation/dp/0300255047 Security Analysis — https://www.amazon.com/Security-Analysis-Foreword-Buffett-Editions/dp/0071592539 —    Papers From Today’s Episode:    'The Dividend Disconnect' — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2876373 'Trading Stages in the Company Life Cycle' — https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-gb/intermediary-investor/insights/articles/trading-stages-in-the-company-life-cycle.html

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  1:04:31
• Episode 343 - How to Choose an Asset Allocation

  Choosing an asset allocation is a crucial investment decision, as it determines expected returns and risk exposure. During this episode, we uncover what this means, exploring topics such as why risk may not always be the best assessment method. We unpack the three factors that John Grable’s risk profiling framework considers: behavioural loss tolerance, the ability to take risk (which assesses the financial capacity to withstand losses without affecting lifestyle), and the need to take risk. Many investors sabotage their returns by selling after losses and buying after gains, and we discuss the reasons behind this. We also explore why stocks tend to become less risky over long horizons, while bonds can be vulnerable to inflation and interest rate changes, before explaining why investors should focus on compensated risks. In the aftershow, we address listener comments on absolute returns, XEQT, why we have made certain sponsorship decisions, and more. To gain a deeper understanding of risk and avoid common pitfalls that can undermine your returns, tune in today!   Key Points From This Episode:   (0:05:10) The critical importance of choosing an asset allocation and understanding risk.  (0:08:35) How behavioural loss tolerance impacts asset allocation.    (0:18:42) Psychological theory on risk tolerance and willingness to engage in financial behavior.  (0:30:48) Assessing your need to take risks.  (0:39:24) Why market volatility is not where the true risks lie. (0:47:42) Private credit, other portfolio alternatives, and GICs.  (0:53:03) The aftershow: demystifying the AMA controversy. (1:00:20) Absolute returns, XEQT, and sponsorship on the Rational Reminder. (1:12:05) An update on Ben’s health and what he has learned from this experience.    Links From Today’s Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — [email protected] Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Cameron Passmore — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Cameron on X — https://x.com/CameronPassmore Cameron on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronpassmore/ Mark McGrath on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/markmcgrathcfp/ Mark McGrath on X — https://x.com/MarkMcGrathCFP Dan Bortolotti — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Dan Bortolotti on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/dan-bortolotti-8a482310/ Canadian Couch Potato Blog — https://canadiancouchpotato.com/ Canadian Couch Potato Podcast — https://canadiancouchpotato.com/podcast/   Papers From Today’s Episode:  'The Grable and Lytton risk-tolerance scale: a 15-year retrospective’ — https://static.arnaudsylvain.fr/2017/03/The-Grable-and-Lytton-risk-tolerance-scale-15-year-retrospective.pdf

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  1:16:20

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